1An administrative act is unlawful when:
athe issuing public organ acted without having the competence;
bit came into being through the infringement of provisions regulating the administrative procedure;
cit contradicts the provisions regulating the form or the compulsory elements of the administrative act;
çit was issued without authorisation by a law, according to Article 4, paragraph 2 of this Code;
dit violates substantive law;
dhis a result of the discretion was not lawfully exercised, or
eit does not comply with the principle of proportionality.
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